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“越來越卷了！”今年的畢業(yè)生或想換工作的社畜們可能會發(fā)出這樣一句感慨，學歷就業(yè)經(jīng)歷雙看重、考公考編數(shù)創(chuàng)新高、當前勞動力市場趨弱也許正在走向現(xiàn)實。

"I got tired of the rat race!" This year"s graduates or corporate slave looking to change jobs might say something like this,Emphasis on education and employment experience, the number of getting national civil servant examination reaches new high, a weakening Labor market may now be coming to fruition.

可能有人知道，就業(yè)市場不繁榮的原因有疫情后經(jīng)濟緩慢恢復、崗位短缺與錯配等。

Some people may know that the reasons for the sluggish job market are the slow economic recovery after the pandemic, job shortages and job mismatches.

然而，以史為鑒，在日本，有一批人曾經(jīng)歷過“就職冰河期”，這一代現(xiàn)如今已成為了中年人。

However, draw Lessons from History, there is a group of people in Japan who went through the "employment ice Age" and are now middle-aged.

示意圖 下同

什么是“就職冰河期”？

What is employment ice age?

1986-1991年的日本經(jīng)濟泡沫破裂后，理所應(yīng)當緊跟著一代畢業(yè)生“落入了就職冰河期”，那一代人也被稱為“迷失的一代”。

After Japan"s 1986-1991 economy bubble burst, It"s no surprise that a generation of graduates have fallen into the employment ice age, this generation is also known as the "lost generation".

從1990 年1 月開始，日本的股票價格和土地價格暴跌，導致所謂的“泡沫（經(jīng)濟）破滅”。

Starting in January 1990, Japan"s stock and land prices plunged, leading to the so-called "(economic) bubble bursting."

各大金融機構(gòu)相繼倒閉，在經(jīng)濟不景氣的情況下，為了降低泡沫時期過度就業(yè)造成的用工成本，各家企業(yè)紛紛開始抑制招聘，甚至出現(xiàn)了員工在短時間內(nèi)被迫解雇的情況。

Major financial institutions have collapsed, and in the midst of a recession, in an effort to reduce labor costs caused by overemployment during the economic bubble period, companies are holding back on hiring, and employees are even being laid off at short notice.

那段“就職冰河期”都發(fā)生了什么？

What happened in “employment ice age”?

那時，對于求職者飆升的不滿，日本形容為“就職冰河一代的怨恨”。

At the time, Japan described soaring discontent with job seekers as the "resentment of the employment ice age".

當時，即使是大學生也有非正規(guī)就業(yè)，出現(xiàn)了以臨時工、派遣工、兼職為主業(yè)的“飛特族”，和不給交保險的非正規(guī)工人人數(shù)激增。

At that time, even college students had informal jobs, and many of so-called “Job flyer” worked as temporary workers, dispatched workers, and part-time workers.

1999年時，日本采用了“試用期”制度，如果在試用期內(nèi)不能勝任工作，將被立即辭退。

In 1999, Japan adopted the "probationary" system, in which those who fail to work during the probationary period will be dismissed immediately.

到了2005-2009年時，日本就業(yè)環(huán)境恢復，但由于近13年的限招，不少企業(yè)面臨用工荒，工作環(huán)境惡劣的“黑企業(yè)”增多。

By 2005-2009, Japan"s employment environment recovered, but due to the nearly 13 years of recruitment restrictions, many enterprises are facing labor shortages, and the number of " Black-heart enterprises" with poor working conditions has increased.

此外，由于限招，員工的年齡結(jié)構(gòu)分配不均，使得技能和技術(shù)難以傳承，于是，企業(yè)開始大量招聘應(yīng)屆生，但已畢業(yè)找不到工作和工作多年想跳槽的人則面臨嚴峻處境，

In addition, due to recruitment restrictions, the age structure of employees is not evenly distributed, making it difficult to inherit skills and technologies, as a result, enterprises have begun to recruit a large number of fresh graduates, but those who have graduated and cannot find a job and want to change jobs work for many years are facing a serious situation.

這也造成了應(yīng)屆生的就業(yè)焦慮。

This has also caused employment anxiety among fresh graduates.

因為日本非常注重新生代力量和老資歷職員，形成了兩個極端，中間的年齡斷層使得一些從未有過固定工作和想跳槽的職員處于巨大劣勢。

Because of Japan"s strong emphasis on young workers and experienced workers, forming two extremes, the age gap in the middle puts some workers who have never had a permanent job and want to change jobs at a huge disadvantage.

這點在日本被稱為“職業(yè)生涯中期的招聘”，那些離職的人，如果不能積累足夠的技能，就很難找到新的工作。

This is known in Japan as "mid-career recruitment", if those who leave their jobs without accumulate enough skills, have a hard time finding new jobs.

同時，日本以及一些國家的就業(yè)政策以應(yīng)屆畢業(yè)生為中心，沒有政策的扶持，因為性別和年齡等原因被拒之門外的人比比皆是。

At the same time, the employment policy of Japan and some countries is centered on fresh graduates, those cannot find a job because of gender and age and other reasons are everywhere without policy support.

那么，你會說，這個世界上“也不全是應(yīng)屆生和有優(yōu)秀履歷的職員啊”，這點，大部分企業(yè)通過重新聘用低薪外部工人和返聘退休人員做彌補。

So, you may say, " fresh graduates and people with good resumes are not everywhere," and most companies make up for that by rehiring low-wage outside workers and rehiring retirees.

打破“大企業(yè)神話”，就業(yè)觀應(yīng)有轉(zhuǎn)變

To break the "big enterprise myth", the employment view should be changed

這些歷史記錄了前人對成功和失敗的感受，對當下的我們又有哪些啟示？大環(huán)境難以改變，我們固有的思維模式是否應(yīng)該轉(zhuǎn)變？

What does this history tell us about previous generations" experiences of success and failure? The employment environment is hard to change, should we change our inherent thinking patterns?

曾經(jīng)，“大企業(yè)神話”作為一種價值體系在經(jīng)濟不景氣的日本社會中仍然非常頑固，前人們想要在一個大企業(yè)干一輩子的想法與現(xiàn)今我們中的某些人的思想不謀而合。

There was a time when the "big business myth" as a value system was still very persistent in economically depressed Japanese society, and the idea that people wanted to work for a large enterprise for a lifetime coincided with the idea that some of us have today.

但1998年，曾經(jīng)被日本認為永遠不會破產(chǎn)的銀行之一北海道拓殖銀行破產(chǎn)，到了2005年，日本業(yè)績最大的證券公司山一證券也步入了解散之路，打破了人們對一畢業(yè)就進大企業(yè)安穩(wěn)度日的美夢。

However, in 1998, Hokkaido Takushoku Bank, one of the banks that Japan once thought would never go bankrupt, went bankrupt, and in 2005, Yamaichi Securities, Japan"s largest securities company, also entered the road of dissolution, breaking people"s dreams of entering a large enterprise safely after graduation.

而后是終身任職思想的轉(zhuǎn)變，日本傳統(tǒng)的終身就業(yè)觀在現(xiàn)今社會也經(jīng)歷了磨礪、轉(zhuǎn)變。

Then came the change of the thought of life time commitment, and the traditional Japanese view of lifetime employment has undergone a sharpening and transformation in today"s society.

6月版《日本經(jīng)濟新聞》報道，日本想跳槽的年長員工人數(shù)大增，官方調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，45-64歲職員在今年前三個月，

The June edition of Nihon Keizai Shimbun reported a surge in the number of older Japanese workers looking to change jobs, with an official survey finding that workers aged 45 to 64 had change their jobs in the first three months of this year.

平均378萬人表示想換工作，比2018年同期大幅成長超過30%。

An average of 3.78 million people said they wanted to change jobs, up more than 30% from the same period in 2018.

對于打工的社畜們而言，遇到“求職冰河期”是我們不愿意看到的，但據(jù)專家分析稱，經(jīng)歷過這一時期的人更容易擁有客觀的觀點、高度專業(yè)化，并能掌握互聯(lián)網(wǎng)查詢資料等優(yōu)秀技能。

For Corporate slaves, we do not want to see an " employment ice age ", but according to expert analysis, people who have went through this period are more likely to have an objective perspective, be highly specialized, and master excellent skills such as Internet research.

太多的話在此顯得單薄，愿諸君加油！

All that words seems pale and thin here, wishing you all the best.

在前行時積累經(jīng)驗、保留對事物的感受，也許我們正經(jīng)歷不一樣的風景。

Accumulate experience and retain the feeling of things as we move forward, maybe we are experiencing a different landscape.

（來源：正觀新聞）

統(tǒng)籌：崔迎 金宸曄 實習生：朱寧 版權(quán)聲明

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